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Access control
A system that enables an authority to control access to protected areas and resources in a given physical facility through entrances and exits. An aspect of security that often uses hardware systems and specialized procedures to control and monitor movements into, out of or within a protected area. Access to various areas may be limited to place or time, or a combination of both.
Alarm assessor
A device or system that allows an operator of an alarm system to evaluate or assess a reported alarm. For example, alarm assessment can be made possible with the use of a CCTV system that permits visual observation at a protected area where a motion sensor has activated.
Alarm station
Any of a wide variety of switches that depend upon human operation for the reporting of an alarm condition. Examples include fire alarm pull stations, holdup alarms and medical emergency alarms.
Alarm system
A combination of sensors, controls and annunciators arranged to detect and report an intrusion or other emergency.
Background investigation
An inquiry into the background of an individual under consideration for employment, credit, access to sensitive assets (such as national defense information), etc. A background investigation can vary widely, from merely checking prior employment experience and educational credentials to civil, criminal and medical histories.
Best practices
Generally accepted, informally-standardized techniques, methods or processes that have proven themselves over time to accomplish given tasks. Comparative research (i.e., benchmarking) that is intended to improve organizational performance. Best practices in the security field incorporate elements that have been found to be successful, such as policy and planning as guides, work rules and procedures as directives, risk assessment, crime opportunity reduction and training/re-training of employees.
Card reader
A device for reading a card containing a code or signal. An intelligent reader that compares data on a card against preprogrammed parameters. Entry or exit is granted or denied by the card reader at the reader location.
CCTV (Closed-circuit television)
A television transmission system in which live or prerecorded signals are sent to a defined number of receivers.
Commercial robbery
The theft or attempted theft of money or property from a commercial establishment, by force or threat of force.
Computer security
A general term relating to measures designed to protect computer assets in all configurations.
Contingency plan
A plan devised for an exceptional risk that is impractical or impossible to avoid. Contingency plans are often devised by governments or businesses that want to be prepared for events that, while highly unlikely, may have catastrophic effects.
Contract security
Protective services provided by one company, specializing in such services, to another company on a paid, contractual basis.
CPP (Certified Protection Professional)
A professional designation to those who meet prescribed educational, experiential and competency standards and pass an exam based on a job analysis study. Administered by ASIS International and its Professional Certification Board.
CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
An emergency procedure that is performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person in cardiac arrest.
Crime prevention
The attempt to reduce victimization and to deter crime and criminals. Applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law and maintain criminal justice.
Dedicated vehicle
A patrol vehicle equipped with two-way radio communication that is used exclusively to provide quick responses to intrusions or alarms.
Disaster preparedness
Any series of actions intended to control and manage major incidents and bring them to the most satisfactory conclusion possible.
Emergency
An event that threatens people, property, business continuity or the community and may develop into a disaster or critical incident.
EMT (Emergency Medical Technician)
A healthcare provider of emergency medical services. Responds to emergency calls, performs certain medical procedures and transports patients to hospitals in accordance with protocols and guidelines established by physician medical directors.
Guard tour system
An electronic monitoring system that enables the observation of guards assigned to a tour patrol task. Helps to ensure that guards are completing their duties on time and at their correct locations.
Information security
The protection of information against unauthorized disclosure, transfer, modification or destruction, whether accidental or intentional. The effort or the result of a system of administrative policies and procedures established for identifying, controlling and protecting information from unauthorized disclosure.
Key control system
Special cabinets, trays or enclosures that store keys in an organized system and protect them from unauthorized removal.
Layered security
A physical security approach that requires a criminal to penetrate or overcome a series of security layers before reaching the target. The layers might be perimeter barriers; building or area protection with locks, CCTV and guards; and point and trap protection using safes, vaults and sensors.
Physical security
Measures that are designed to deny access to unauthorized personnel (including attackers or even accidental intruders) from physically accessing a building, facility, resource or stored information.
Pre-employment screening
A process for determining whether a prospective employee is trustworthy or capable of performing the functions required by the job.
Private security company
An independent or proprietary commercial organization whose activities include employee clearance investigations, maintaining the security of persons or property, performing the functions of detection and investigation of crime and criminals and the apprehension of offenders.
Proximity card
An identity card containing a microcircuit. When placed in close proximity to a reader, the card will activate the reader's system, which might be an access control system, an automatic teller machine or a point-of-sale transaction system. It does not have to be brought into physical contact with a reader.
Quality assurance
The systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of a project, service or facility to maximize the probability that minimum standards of quality are being attained by the production process.
Risk assessment
Identification of risks and vulnerabilities to persons, property, operations or business function or activity and evaluation of the importance of the function to the continuation of the operation or activity.
Robbery prevention
A combination of techniques that seek to convince the potential robber that in the commission of robbery the personal risks will be high and that the possible gain will be low. Such techniques are for the most part designed for execution by retail businesses that are targeted by robbers.
Security audit
The examination of a facility, a process or the security program itself. Also called security survey.
Security fencing
Physical barrier installed to delineate a boundary or to deter, delay or prevent unauthorized access to a protected area.
Security guard/Securing officer
A person who is paid to protect property, assets or people. Also called security officers, security guards are usually privately and formally employed personnel. Often, security guards are uniformed and act to protect property by maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions, observing (either directly, through patrols or by watching alarm systems or video cameras) for signs of crime, fire or disorder and then taking action and reporting any incidents to their client and emergency services as appropriate.
Surveillance
The observation of a location, activity or person(s), usually done secretly.
Sweep
A search for the presence of electronic surveillance devices in a given area with the use of special detection equipment.
System audit
An audit of the controls throughout a computer system to evaluate their effectiveness and to recommend improvements.
Systems analysis
The analysis of an activity to determine precisely what must be accomplished and how to accomplish it. A methodologically rigorous collection, manipulation and evaluation of organizational data in order to determine the best way to improve the functioning of the organization (the system) and to aid a decision maker in selecting a preferred choice among alternatives.
Systems management
The application of systems theory to managing organizational systems or subsystems. It can refer to management of a particular function or to projects or programs within a larger organization.
